Structural Pattern Matching in Python

Python is a very efficient language but some of the features are not in python. Python 3.10 is feature-packed. Unlike other languages such as Java, Python doesn’t have a switch/case statement.

In v3.10, python developers have introduced “Structural Pattern Matching”, we know it as switch/case statements. In the official 3.10 release notes the feature is named “Structural Pattern Matching”, it can be found in PEP 634 (latest).

Value can be provided in a pattern matching statement and it will be matched with several cases. Output statements are executed based on the case match.

Syntax:

Here input value will be matched with each case pattern, in case no case matches, a wildcard case will be executed.

Note: Wildcard case is optional.

Example:

Output:

GeeksForGeeks

Note: To run the code you require latest python setup.

Same logic with if-else:

Output:

GeeksForGeeks

You can combine several cases in one by using | (“or”)

case "read" | "write" | "learn":
    print("GeeksForGeeks")

Patterns with literal or variable:

Output:

Sum = 11

Importance of Structural Pattern Matching:

- It makes the code more readable and clean

- With the use of pattern matching, checking a large number of test cases become very easy.

- Pattern matching is faster than multiple if-else blocks.

For more deep knowledge such as pattern grouping, pattern sequence and values, you can refer to the official documentation: PEP 634.

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